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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide...
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Inhaled hydrogen ameliorates endotoxin-induced bowel dysfunction.

Hiroyuki Sakata1, Ayana Okamoto1, Michiko Aoyama-Ishikawa2

  • 1Department of Emergency Disaster and Critical Care Medicine Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan.

Acute Medicine & Surgery
|November 11, 2017
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Inhaled hydrogen protects against sepsis-induced gut paralysis by reducing inflammation. This therapeutic gas shows promise in treating critical illness complications like septic ileus.

Keywords:
Hydrogenileusinflammationinterleukin‐10sepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Sepsis-induced gastrointestinal dysmotility is a significant cause of mortality in critically ill patients.
  • Hydrogen is an emerging therapeutic gas with potential organ-protective effects in sepsis.
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key endotoxin used to model sepsis-induced ileus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the protective effects of inhaled hydrogen against LPS-induced ileus.
  • To evaluate hydrogen's impact on gastrointestinal transit, inflammation, and cytokine profiles in a septic model.

Main Methods:

  • Sepsis was induced in rats and mice using LPS injection.
  • Animals were divided into sham/air, sham/hydrogen, LPS/air, and LPS/hydrogen groups.
  • Hydrogen (1.3%) was administered via inhalation prior to LPS challenge.
  • Gastrointestinal transit, leukocyte extravasation, and cytokine mRNA levels were quantified.

Main Results:

  • LPS significantly delayed gastrointestinal transit and increased leukocyte recruitment and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression.
  • Hydrogen inhalation markedly prevented LPS-induced bowel dysmotility.
  • Hydrogen reduced leukocyte extravasation and suppressed inflammatory cytokine expression in the intestinal muscularis propria.
  • In vitro studies showed hydrogen increased interleukin-10 levels in macrophages.

Conclusions:

  • Inhaled hydrogen demonstrates protective efficacy against LPS-induced septic ileus.
  • Hydrogen mitigates inflammation in the muscularis propria by inhibiting pro-inflammatory responses.
  • The anti-inflammatory effects of hydrogen may be partly mediated by the induction of interleukin-10.