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Related Experiment Videos

Memory for internally generated words in Alzheimer-type dementia: breakdown in encoding and semantic memory.

M B Dick1, M L Kean, D Sands

  • 1Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine 92717.

Brain and Cognition
|January 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (DAT) do not show the generation effect, unlike healthy young and elderly adults. This memory deficit may stem from impaired semantic memory and encoding processes in DAT patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • The generation effect demonstrates that self-generated information is recalled better than externally provided information.
  • This effect is well-established in healthy individuals but its status in neurodegenerative conditions is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the generation effect in patients with mild-to-moderate dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT).
  • To compare memory performance in DAT patients, healthy elderly adults, and young adults.
  • To explore encoding and retrieval conditions influencing the generation effect.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted using intentional and incidental learning paradigms.
  • Participants included DAT patients, healthy elderly adults, and young adults.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Memory recall and recognition were assessed for self-generated versus read words.

    • Main Results:

    • Healthy young and elderly adults consistently showed a generation effect (better recall for generated words).
    • DAT patients failed to demonstrate the generation effect, even with repeated exposure.
    • This pattern persisted across different learning and testing conditions.

    Conclusions:

    • The generation effect is impaired in mild-to-moderate dementia of the Alzheimer type.
    • Encoding failure and deficits in semantic memory may underlie the absence of the generation effect in DAT.
    • Findings highlight specific memory processing difficulties in Alzheimer's disease.