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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

3.4K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

3.1K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Motion of a Projectile01:23

Motion of a Projectile

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Projectile motion becomes evident when a player kicks the ball into the air. The launch angle, or the angle at which the ball is kicked, plays a crucial role in determining the trajectory of the projectile. As the ball soars through the air, influenced solely by gravity, its motion can be dissected into two independent velocity components: the horizontal and the vertical.
Horizontal motion, governed by the initial kick, maintains a constant velocity throughout the flight of the soccer ball.
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Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
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An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

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[A soccer player with an unstable knee].

D Janssen1, B Koc, E Jansen

  • 1Zuyderland Medisch Centrum, afd. Orthopedie, Sittard-Geleen.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde
|November 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Congenital absence of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can cause knee instability in athletes. ACL reconstruction surgery successfully restored stability in a young soccer player with this rare condition.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Knee instability is a common complaint in athletes following traumatic injury.
  • Congenital anomalies of the knee, though rare, can predispose individuals to ligamentous issues.

Observation:

  • A 19-year-old male soccer player experienced left knee instability after a rotational injury.
  • Physical examination revealed leg length discrepancy.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) demonstrated findings suggestive of congenital anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) absence.

Findings:

  • The patient underwent successful anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
  • Post-operative assessment indicated regained knee stability.

Implications:

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  • Congenital ACL absence should be considered in the differential diagnosis of knee instability, particularly in young athletes with suggestive imaging.
  • Surgical reconstruction can effectively address instability caused by congenital ACL deficiency.
  • This case highlights the importance of comprehensive evaluation including imaging for diagnosing rare orthopedic conditions.