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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
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The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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An Investigation into Spike-Based Neuromorphic Approaches for Artificial Olfactory Systems.

Anup Vanarse1, Adam Osseiran2, Alexander Rassau3

  • 1School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 6027 Perth, Australia. avanarse@our.ecu.edu.au.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 11, 2017
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Summary

Neuromorphic olfactory sensors mimic biological systems for low-power chemical sensing, overcoming limitations of traditional electronic noses (e-noses). This research explores their potential for real-time applications in biosecurity and environmental monitoring.

Keywords:
biomimetic sensorselectronic noseneuromorphic olfaction

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Area of Science:

  • Neuromorphic Engineering
  • Chemical Sensing
  • Artificial Olfaction

Background:

  • Neuromorphic methods show promise for low-power sensory data processing.
  • Conventional electronic noses (e-noses) face challenges with power consumption and data handling.
  • Neuromorphic engineering offers a bio-inspired approach to chemical sensing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in neuromorphic olfaction.
  • To identify future research directions for improved olfactory sensors.
  • To explore computational links between smell and taste.

Main Methods:

  • Implementing neuromorphic engineering principles in electronic nose design.
  • Mimicking biological olfaction mechanisms for spike-based information processing.
  • Analyzing existing research on neuromorphic olfactory sensors.

Main Results:

  • Neuromorphic olfactory sensors address limitations of conventional e-noses, including drift, response time, and power consumption.
  • These sensors offer a path towards portable, low-power, and robust chemical sensing solutions.
  • Established capability to tackle challenges in current e-nose implementations.

Conclusions:

  • Neuromorphic olfaction presents a viable strategy for developing advanced, near-real-time olfactory sensors.
  • Future research should focus on enhancing sensor capabilities and exploring cross-modal sensory correlations.
  • Potential applications include biosecurity and environmental monitoring.