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Related Concept Videos

Genetic Variation01:25

Genetic Variation

1.5K
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
1.5K
Genetic Screens02:46

Genetic Screens

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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
Forward genetic screens
Forward or “classical” genetic screens involve creating random mutations in an organism’s DNA using radiation, mutagens, or insertion of additional bases, which...
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
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Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis

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Translational Research: Exploring and Creating Genetic Diversity.

Pierre Jacob1, Adi Avni2, Abdelhafid Bendahmane1

  • 1Institute of Plant Science - Paris-Saclay, INRA, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Trends in Plant Science
|November 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Wild crop relatives and neglected species offer untapped genetic diversity for crop improvement. Advanced methods like CRISPR-Cas9 offer precise gene editing for high-density mutations, overcoming limitations of traditional TILLING.

Keywords:
CRISPR–Cas9TILLINGartificial evolutionmutagenesisneglected plantstransgenesis

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TRAP-rc, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification from Rare Cell Populations of Drosophila Embryos
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Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
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TRAP-rc, Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification from Rare Cell Populations of Drosophila Embryos
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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics and breeding
  • Crop improvement strategies
  • Genomic diversity utilization

Background:

  • Crop domestication has led to genetic bottlenecks, limiting breeding potential.
  • Wild relatives and neglected species are rich, underutilized genetic resources.
  • Existing methods like TILLING have limitations in mutation density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of neglected plant species for crop breeding.
  • To introduce advanced gene editing tools for enhanced crop improvement.
  • To overcome limitations of random mutagenesis in crop genetic enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing genetic diversity from wild relatives and neglected crops.
  • Applying Targeted Induced Local Lesions in the Genome (TILLING) approaches.
  • Employing CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) fused to cytidine deaminase for localized mutagenesis.

Main Results:

  • Identified neglected species as a valuable source of novel alleles.
  • Demonstrated the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 for high-density mutagenesis.
  • Proposed a new strategy for rapid genetic variation induction in plants.

Conclusions:

  • Neglected species and wild relatives are crucial for expanding crop genetic diversity.
  • CRISPR-Cas9-based gene editing offers a powerful tool for targeted mutagenesis.
  • These approaches pave the way for accelerated crop evolution and breeding.