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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

1.9K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
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Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle

2.0K
The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
Musculoskeletal disorders
Musculoskeletal disorders involve injuries and conditions affecting the skeletal muscles and associated connective tissues. These disorders can arise from acute biomechanical stresses or chronic overuse and can occur across different age groups. Common injuries include sprains, fractures, and muscular strains, often resulting from...
2.0K
Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment

3.1K
Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
3.1K
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

2.7K
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Autoimmune Neurologic Disorders.

Daniel B Rubin1, Ayush Batra2, Henrikas Vaitkevicius3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.

The American Journal of Medicine
|November 12, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune neurology diagnoses and treats neurological disorders caused by immune system attacks on the brain. Early identification of autoimmune causes is crucial for effective treatment of these complex conditions.

Keywords:
AutoantibodiesAutoimmune neurologyEncephalitisImmunotherapyParaneoplastic disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Neuroimmunology

Background:

  • Autoimmune neurology addresses neurological diseases stemming from immune system dysfunction targeting neural tissues.
  • Conditions include autoimmune, paraneoplastic, postinfectious, and iatrogenic neurological disorders.
  • Diverse and subtle early symptoms often delay diagnosis of autoimmune neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification and management of common autoimmune neurological conditions.
  • To emphasize the importance of rapid identification of autoimmune etiology.
  • To highlight the need for understanding immune dysfunction mechanisms for timely treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of autoimmune neurological conditions.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and strategies.
  • Overview of current and emerging treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmune neurological disorders represent a significant and growing clinical challenge.
  • Timely diagnosis and targeted treatment are critical for patient outcomes.
  • Understanding the specific autoimmune mechanism guides therapeutic decisions.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt recognition of autoimmune etiology is paramount in neurological practice.
  • Effective management requires a comprehensive understanding of the underlying immune mechanisms.
  • Further research into novel diagnostics and therapeutics is warranted.