Hepatopulmonary Syndrome and Portopulmonary Hypertension: Implications for Liver Transplantation
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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Measurement of the Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient and Transjugular Liver Biopsy
Published on: June 18, 2020
Shaz Iqbal1, Kerri Akaya Smith2, Vandana Khungar3
1Department of Medicine, General Internal Medicine Division, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Abstract:
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) represent serious pulmonary complications of advanced liver diseases. Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is capable of completely resolving the underlying abnormalities associated with HPS. On the other hand, post-OLT response in patients with PoPH is less predictable, although heavily influenced by pre-OLT mean pulmonary arterial pressure. It remains the case that the opportunity to reverse 2 potentially fatal organ dysfunctions in the liver and the lung make HPS and PoPH more than worthy for further clinical investigations.
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