Electrical and mechanical alternans during ventricular tachycardia with moderate chronic heart failure

A chronic heart failure (CHF) rat underwent epicardial programmed electrical stimulation (PES). Ventricular tachycardia (VT) developed during PES. Mechanical alternans was noted despite fixed tachycardia cycle length. Anti-tachycardia pacing attempts initiated a second VT that generated pulse intermittently and then degenerated into pulseless VT with electrical alternans.To our knowledge electrical and mechanical alternans have not been recorded in animal models of CHF during VT. The distinct events of mechanical alternans and electrical alternans may be indicative of progressively worsened calcium handling in the compromised cardiomyocytes.Although ion channel differences between rodents and humans exist, this work attempts to demonstrate this rat model's usefulness in understanding cardiac electrophysiology in CHF.