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High-Density Lipoprotein-Specific Phospholipid Efflux Assay

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Lipoquality control by phospholipase A₂ enzymes.

Makoto Murakami^1,2,3

¹Laboratory of Environmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo.

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences

|November 14, 2017

Summary

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes regulate lipid quality, impacting cell homeostasis and disease. This overview covers PLA2 classification, functions, and their role in maintaining cellular balance.

Keywords:

fatty acid lipid lipidomics membrane phospholipase phospholipid

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Molecular Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes hydrolyze glycerophospholipids at the sn-2 position.
PLA2s generate fatty acids and lysophospholipids, crucial for cellular signaling and membrane dynamics.
Over 50 mammalian PLA2s exist, categorized into various subfamilies based on structure and function.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of the PLA2 enzyme family.
To discuss the classification, enzymatic properties, and physiological roles of PLA2s.
To highlight the concept of 'lipoquality' regulated by PLA2s and its link to disease.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of current research on PLA2 enzymes.
Analysis of PLA2 classification based on structural and functional characteristics.
Discussion of physiological functions including signal transduction, membrane homeostasis, and energy metabolism.

Main Results:

PLA2s are key regulators of lipid quality ('lipoquality'), influencing cellular and tissue homeostasis.
Dysregulation of PLA2-mediated lipoquality is associated with various diseases.
PLA2s play diverse roles in signal transduction, phospholipid remodeling, and fatty acid metabolism.

Conclusions:

PLA2 enzymes are critical for maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis and function.
Understanding PLA2s offers insights into disease mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
The concept of lipoquality provides a framework for appreciating the broad physiological impact of PLA2 enzymes.