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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
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Atomically-precise colloidal nanoparticles of cerium dioxide.

Kylie J Mitchell1, Khalil A Abboud1, George Christou2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-7200, USA.

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|November 14, 2017
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Atomically precise cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoclusters were synthesized, enabling detailed structural analysis. This breakthrough allows for precise investigation of ceria nanocluster properties, crucial for catalysis and medicine.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry

Background:

  • Synthesizing monodisperse nanoparticles with atomic precision is a significant challenge in nanoscience.
  • While atomically precise metal nanoclusters (e.g., gold) are established, atomically precise metal oxide nanoclusters are lacking.
  • Metal oxides, such as cerium oxide (CeO2), are vital for catalysis, energy, and medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the synthesis of a family of atomically precise ceria nanoclusters.
  • To enable the investigation of ceria nanoclusters' properties as a function of size and composition.
  • To overcome the lack of atomically precise metal oxide nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of ultra-small ceria nanoclusters (up to ~1.6 nm).
  • Structural characterization using X-ray crystallography.
  • Identification of surface features, H+ binding sites, Ce3+ locations, and O vacancies on (100) facets.

Main Results:

  • A family of atomically precise ceria nanoclusters with dimensions up to ~1.6 nm (~100 core atoms) was successfully synthesized.
  • X-ray crystallography confirmed the fluorite structure, consistent with bulk CeO2.
  • Detailed surface features, including H+ binding sites, Ce3+ locations, and O vacancies on (100) facets, were identified.

Conclusions:

  • The development of monodisperse, atomically precise ceria nanoclusters represents a significant advancement.
  • These nanoclusters allow for systematic studies of size-dependent, morphology-dependent, and composition-dependent properties.
  • This opens new avenues for optimizing ceria's applications in catalysis, energy, and medicine.