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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Wireless Communication
    • Atmospheric Science

    Background:

    • Ultraviolet (UV) communication offers potential for high-bandwidth wireless links.
    • Understanding propagation challenges, like non-coplanar transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) configurations with height differences, is crucial.
    • Existing models often simplify these real-world deployment scenarios.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a non-coplanar UV multiple-scatter propagation model accounting for Tx-Rx height differences.
    • To investigate the impact of height difference, elevation angle, and off-axis angle on bit error rate (BER).
    • To assess the model's accuracy using an outdoor UV communication testbed.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized the Monte Carlo (MC) method to simulate UV signal propagation.
    • Developed a model incorporating non-coplanar geometry and height differences between Tx and Rx.
    • Configured an outdoor UV communication testbed for experimental validation.

    Main Results:

    • The bit error rate (BER) exhibits a trend of initial decrease followed by an increase as the Tx-Rx height difference grows.
    • Adjusting the transceiver elevation angle can effectively reduce the BER.
    • Increased off-axis angles correlate with a higher BER.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed MC model accurately predicts UV communication performance under non-coplanar conditions with height differences.
    • Transceiver positioning and angle optimization are critical for mitigating BER in UV communication systems.
    • Experimental validation confirms the model's reliability for real-world applications.