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Related Concept Videos

Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Glucose Transporters01:27

Glucose Transporters

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Glucose transporters facilitate the transport of glucose across the cell membrane. In addition to glucose, some glucose transporters can also aid the movement of other hexoses such as fructose, mannose, and galactose.
Facilitated diffusion-glucose transporters (GLUTs) are encoded by the solute-linked carrier (SLC) family 2, subfamily A gene family, or SLC2A. The 14 GLUT protein members are distributed into three classes:
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitivity.

Katharine C DeGeorge1, Jeanetta W Frye2, Kim M Stein1

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, PO Box 800729, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0543, USA.

Primary Care
|November 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated condition triggered by gluten. Diagnosis involves antibody tests and intestinal biopsy, with a gluten-free diet as the main treatment for affected individuals.

Keywords:
Celiac diseaseFODMAPsGluten challengeGluten sensitivityGluten-free dietIron deficiencyIrritable bowel syndromeMalabsorption

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy caused by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals.
  • It leads to intestinal symptoms and malabsorption, necessitating accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Differentiating celiac disease from gluten sensitivity symptoms can be challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic pathway for celiac disease.
  • To emphasize the importance of a gluten-free diet in management.
  • To provide guidance for patients with symptoms suggestive of gluten intolerance but without confirmed celiac disease.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis involves serological testing for anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA antibodies.
  • Histologic examination of small bowel biopsy is crucial for confirmation.
  • Management strategies include dietary modifications and further investigations for persistent symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Stepwise evaluation with serology and biopsy confirms celiac disease.
  • Strict adherence to a gluten-free diet is the cornerstone of treatment.
  • Patients without celiac disease but with gluten-related symptoms require a tailored approach.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate diagnosis of celiac disease relies on specific serological and histological findings.
  • A gluten-free diet is essential for managing celiac disease.
  • For non-celiac gluten sensitivity, nutritional counseling and evaluation for other conditions like small intestinal bacterial overgrowth or IBS are recommended.