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Related Concept Videos

Structures of the Endocrine System00:59

Structures of the Endocrine System

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The intricate framework of the endocrine system encompasses a diverse array of glands, with their target tissues and organs strategically distributed throughout the body. Central to this network are the endocrine glands, specialized structures that lack ducts and release hormones directly into the interstitial fluid. Notably, the hypothalamus, a vital neuroendocrine organ situated in the brain, governs neural functions and serves as a potent source of hormonal regulation. Near the hypothalamus...
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The Endocrine System01:29

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The endocrine system is an extensive network of glands – organs or tissues in the body that create chemicals that control many bodily functions, that secrete hormones, which are chemical messengers that play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions. These hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and travel throughout the body. They require specific receptors to convey signals to cells possessing these corresponding receptors. This complex signaling mechanism ensures that...
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Regulation of Hormone Secretion01:19

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Regulation of hormone secretion is a finely tuned orchestration driven by various types of stimuli, encompassing neural, humoral, and hormonal signals. Environmental cues instigate neural stimuli, where action potentials traverse nerve fibers to reach their designated targets. An illustrative scenario is the body's response to stress, wherein the sympathetic nervous system releases epinephrine from the adrenal glands, inducing the well-known 'fight or flight' reaction.
Humoral...
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An Overview of the Endocrine System01:10

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The endocrine system, a complex network of glands, orchestrates physiological balance within the body through the production and secretion of hormones. These hormones are chemical messengers in intercellular communication, acting as conduits between the secretory cells and distant target sites. They traverse the circulatory system by being released into the extracellular fluid, and their impact is specific to cells possessing receptors for a particular hormone.
The endocrine system collaborates...
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Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Endocrine pathology: past, present and future.

Sylvia L Asa1, Ozgur Mete1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, and the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Pathology
|November 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Endocrine pathology diagnoses and characterizes diseases of the endocrine system, expanding beyond traditional organs to include dispersed neuroendocrine cells and tumors. Future expertise will integrate molecular pathology and new technologies for complex endocrine diseases.

Keywords:
Endocrine pathologybiomarkersepidemiologygeneticshistory

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Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Endocrine pathology traditionally focused on thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, pancreas, and adrenal glands.
  • The field has expanded to include dispersed neuroendocrine cells and tumors (NETs) in various organs like lungs, GI tract, thymus, breast, and prostate.
  • Hormone production is central, encompassing gynecological/testicular, bone, and liver pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the scope and evolution of endocrine pathology.
  • To highlight the increasing complexity and incidence of endocrine diseases.
  • To discuss the future role of endocrine pathologists in multidisciplinary care.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the current literature and established knowledge in endocrine pathology.
  • Analysis of the expanding scope of endocrine system diseases.
  • Discussion of emerging trends and future directions in the subspecialty.

Main Results:

  • Endocrine pathology now encompasses a broader range of organs and cell types, including dispersed neuroendocrine cells and tumors.
  • The incidence of many endocrine lesions is increasing, with growing complexity due to molecular pathology and familial diseases.
  • Pathologists require deeper understanding of structure, function, prognosis, and prediction.

Conclusions:

  • Endocrine pathology is a dynamic subspecialty with expanding diagnostic and characterization roles.
  • The future necessitates integration of molecular pathology and advanced technologies for specialized endocrine disease management.
  • Pathologists are crucial in multidisciplinary teams for endocrine disease patient care.