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Related Concept Videos

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Epigenetic differences between naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells.

Saori Takahashi1, Shin Kobayashi2,3, Ichiro Hiratani4

  • 1Laboratory for Developmental Epigenetics, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|November 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding the epigenetic differences between naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells is crucial. These distinctions explain their varying developmental potential and the transition between pluripotency states, offering insights into stem cell commitment.

Keywords:
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)Epiblast-derived stem cells (EpiSCs)EpigeneticsNaïve and primed pluripotencyThree-dimensional (3D) genome organizationX-chromosome inactivation (XCI)

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Naïve and primed pluripotent stem cells represent distinct developmental states.
  • Naïve cells (preimplantation) contribute to chimeras, while primed cells (post-implantation) do not.
  • The epigenetic underpinnings of these distinct developmental potentials remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the epigenetic differences between naïve and primed pluripotent stem cell states.
  • To understand the mechanisms driving the naïve-to-primed transition.
  • To gain insights into the fundamental properties of pluripotency and stem cell commitment.

Main Methods:

  • The study likely involves comparative epigenetic analyses (e.g., DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility) between naïve and primed stem cell populations.
  • Functional assays to assess developmental potential and chimera contribution.

Main Results:

  • The research aims to identify specific epigenetic marks or patterns that distinguish naïve from primed states.
  • Expected findings will correlate epigenetic profiles with differential developmental potential.
  • The study seeks to map key epigenetic events during the naïve-to-primed transition.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidating these epigenetic differences is essential for a comprehensive understanding of pluripotency.
  • Knowledge of these distinctions can inform strategies for controlling stem cell fate and commitment.
  • This research contributes to fundamental stem cell biology and potential therapeutic applications.