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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities over 24-hour cycles called circadian rhythms. Photoperiodism is a collective term for the biological responses of plants to variations in the relative lengths of dark and light periods. The period of light-exposure is called the photoperiod.
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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter
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Circadian clock during plant development.

Keisuke Inoue1, Takashi Araki1, Motomu Endo2

  • 1Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.

Journal of Plant Research
|November 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants possess internal biological clocks, or circadian clocks, that help them adapt to environmental changes. These clocks, regulated by genes, are crucial for plant survival and local adaptation across different latitudes.

Keywords:
Circadian clockDevelopmentLocal adaptationOutput

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Chronobiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Plants have endogenous biological clocks (circadian clocks) crucial for anticipating environmental changes and enhancing fitness.
  • Plant circadian clocks, similar to those in animals and insects, involve interlocking transcriptional/translational feedback loops.
  • Environmental cues like light, temperature, and nutrients entrain these clocks, synchronizing internal rhythms with external conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of circadian regulation in plant biological processes throughout their life cycle.
  • To describe how the circadian clock contributes to local adaptation in plant species.
  • To highlight the impact of genetic variations in circadian clock genes on adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on plant circadian biology.
  • Analysis of genomic studies investigating circadian clock genes.
  • Synthesis of information on circadian regulation and local adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Circadian clocks regulate diverse physiological, developmental, and reproductive processes in plants.
  • Polymorphisms in circadian clock genes are linked to local adaptations across various latitudes.
  • The timing of biological processes is adjusted by output pathways connecting the circadian oscillator to life cycle events.

Conclusions:

  • The plant circadian clock is a fundamental mechanism for environmental adaptation and fitness.
  • Genetic diversity within circadian clock genes plays a significant role in plant adaptation to local environments.
  • Understanding plant circadian biology offers insights into evolutionary processes and agricultural applications.