Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
Published on: May 10, 2019
Heterogeneous Relationships between Labor Income and Health by Race/Ethnicity
Abdulkarim M Meraya1,2, Nilanjana Dwibedi1, Kim Innes3
1Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV.
Objective:
To examine the race-stratified relationships between labor income and health among working-age adults in the United States.
Data Sources:
Data from eight waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1999 through 2013 were used for this study.
Study Design:
The study utilized a retrospective observational longitudinal design with repeated measures of labor income and health measures. System-generalized method of moment and heteroscedasticity-based instrument regressions were used to examine the relationships between labor income and physical and mental health measures, respectively. Dynamic panel models were used to examine the effect of loss in income on health measures.
Data Collection/Extraction Methods:
We performed secondary data analysis.
Principal Findings:
Adults in higher labor income quartiles had better self-rated health than those in the lowest quartile regardless of racial group. The relationship between labor income and psychological distress varied by race groups. Reductions in labor income were associated with increases in psychological distress among whites only.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest heterogeneous relationships between labor income and overall health across racial groups. Our results highlight the need to provide safety nets for adults who experience a decline in income to prevent deterioration in health.
Related Concept Videos
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Test for Homogeneity
Dimensions of Health and Illness
Factors Affecting Illness
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
Surveys

