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Acute isometric handgrip exercise boosts cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) and vagal activity. Women show a greater and more sustained increase in cBRS compared to men following this exercise.

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Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Autonomic Nervous System

Background:

  • Cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) is crucial for cardiovascular homeostasis.
  • Sex-based differences in autonomic responses to exercise are not fully understood.
  • Isometric handgrip exercise (IHG) is a common method to study autonomic responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential sex-related differences in spontaneous cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (cBRS) after acute isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise.
  • To examine the time course of changes in cBRS and cardiac autonomic modulation following IHG exercise in men and women.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty men and 20 women performed IHG exercise at 30% maximal voluntary contraction or a sham control.
  • Beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (BP) were monitored.
  • Spontaneous cBRS was assessed using the sequence technique; cardiac autonomic modulation was evaluated via HR variability.

Main Results:

  • Spontaneous cBRS increased post-IHG, with a greater and more prolonged elevation in women compared to men.
  • Heart rate decreased throughout recovery in women and initially in men.
  • Systolic blood pressure showed distinct patterns of elevation and recovery between sexes.

Conclusions:

  • Acute IHG exercise enhances cBRS and cardiac vagal activity in healthy young adults.
  • The magnitude and duration of cBRS changes after IHG exercise differ significantly between men and women.
  • These findings highlight sex-specific autonomic adaptations to acute resistance exercise.