Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

2.2K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
2.2K
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

2.7K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
2.7K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

258
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
258
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

289
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
289
Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

1.5K
Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
One key metric is the Inspiratory Capacity (IC), which represents the maximum amount of air that can be inhaled with full effort. IC is calculated by summing the tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume, typically ranging from 2.4 to 3.6 liters.
The Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) represents the air in the...
1.5K
Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

880
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
880

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Return to Activity After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Cardiac Clearance for Children and Adolescents.

Sports health·2021
Same author

Approach to the Underperforming Athlete.

Pediatric annals·2016
Same author

Mental Health and Pressures in Teen Sports.

Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews·2015
Same author

Injuries and medical issues in softball.

Current sports medicine reports·2012
Same journal

Comment on: "Evaluation of Neck Strength and Concussion Risk: A Systematic Review".

Current sports medicine reports·2026
Same journal

Intentional Examination of the Social Determinants of Health in Clinical Practice and Research: An ACSM Call to Action Statement.

Current sports medicine reports·2026
Same journal

Metabolic Equivalents as a Foundational Physical Activity Metric: Origins, Validity, and Challenges.

Current sports medicine reports·2026
Same journal

Effects of Supplementation in Masters Athletes and Older Adults: A Narrative Review.

Current sports medicine reports·2026
Same journal

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators: A Review of Their Therapeutic Promise and Concerns of Misuse.

Current sports medicine reports·2026
Same journal

The Forgotten Motor Proficiency Barrier.

Current sports medicine reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

21.4K

The Pediatric Endurance Athlete.

Mary L Solomon1, Susannah M Briskin, Nicole Sabatina

  • 1Division of Pediatric Sports Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Solon, OH.

Current Sports Medicine Reports
|November 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Youth sports specialization increases training intensity, risking overtraining and injury, especially for young endurance athletes. Proper training schedules, rest, and nutrition education are key to prevention.

More Related Videos

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
09:18

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Published on: January 12, 2019

10.9K
Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
07:10

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

10.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

21.4K
Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
09:18

Measurements of Motor Function and Other Clinical Outcome Parameters in Ambulant Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Published on: January 12, 2019

10.9K
Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
07:10

Home-Based Prescribed Pulmonary Exercise in Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: August 24, 2019

10.5K

Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Pediatric Sports Science
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Youth sports participation is rising in the U.S.
  • Increased sport specialization leads to higher training frequency and intensity.
  • This trend places young athletes at risk for overtraining, nutritional deficits, and injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the risks associated with youth sports specialization.
  • To identify high-risk populations within youth sports.
  • To propose preventative strategies for young endurance athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current trends in youth sports participation and specialization.
  • Analysis of physiological and nutritional risks in young athletes.
  • Identification of effective management strategies for preventing overtraining and injury.

Main Results:

  • Sport specialization elevates the risk of overtraining, nutritional issues, and injuries in youth athletes.
  • Endurance sports participants, including young runners and swimmers, are particularly vulnerable.
  • Inadequate training schedules and rest contribute to these risks.

Conclusions:

  • Youth endurance athletes require tailored attention to training, nutrition, and injury prevention.
  • Implementing appropriate training periodization and adequate rest is crucial.
  • Nutrition education is vital for supporting the health and performance of young athletes.