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Cell immobilization on 3D-printed matrices: A model study on propionic acid fermentation.

Fabricio Dos Santos Belgrano1, Olaf Diegel2, Nei Pereira3

  • 1Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden; Laboratórios de Desenvolvimento de Bioprocessos, Departamento de Engenharia Bioquímica, Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21949-900, Brazil.

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Summary

Three-dimensional (3D) printing creates nylon beads for immobilizing microbial cells in bioprocesses. This method enhances propionic acid production efficiency by reducing fermentation time and increasing yield.

Keywords:
3D-printed matrixCell immobilizationHigh cell density fermentationPropionic acid fermentation

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Bioprocess Engineering
  • Microbial Cell Immobilization

Background:

  • Microbial cell immobilization is crucial for efficient bioprocesses.
  • Traditional immobilization methods face challenges in carrier design and cell distribution.
  • Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers a novel approach for creating customized cell carriers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of 3D-printed nylon beads as carriers for microbial cell immobilization.
  • To optimize the production of propionic acid from glucose using immobilized Propionibacterium sp. cells.
  • To evaluate the impact of bead characteristics and surface modifications on cell binding and fermentation performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 3D printing to fabricate nylon beads of varying sizes and lattice structures.
  • Immobilized Propionibacterium sp. cells onto the 3D-printed beads through adsorption during cultivation.
  • Assessed cell adsorption, fermentation kinetics, and propionic acid production.
  • Employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize cell distribution on the carriers.
  • Investigated the effect of polyethyleneimine (PEI) coating on cell-matrix interaction and productivity.

Main Results:

  • Cell adsorption and fermentation kinetics were consistent across different bead sizes and lattice structures.
  • Immobilized cells on 15 mm beads showed reduced fermentation time compared to free cells.
  • Achieved maximum productivity of 0.46 g/L/h and a propionic acid titer of 25.8 g/L.
  • Polyethyleneimine (PEI) treatment enhanced cell-matrix binding but decreased productivity, suggesting a potential inhibitory effect.
  • SEM revealed uniform cell distribution on PEI-coated carriers, indicating charge-charge interactions.

Conclusions:

  • 3D-printed nylon beads are effective carriers for microbial cell immobilization in bioprocesses.
  • The 3D printing approach allows for tailored carrier design, optimizing cell immobilization and bioproduct formation.
  • Further research is needed to mitigate potential inhibitory effects of surface modifications on microbial activity.