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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

952
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
861
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

25
Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
25
Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers01:24

Site-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Polymeric Carriers

31
Polymeric carriers enhance targeted drug delivery by increasing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. These carriers comprise a biodegradable polymeric backbone integrated with functional elements that enable targeting, improve physicochemical properties, and regulate drug release.Targeting MechanismsThe targeting ability of polymeric carriers is mediated by a homing device, which is a molecular recognition component designed to selectively bind to specific tissues or cells. Monoclonal...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

5.0K
Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

9.8K
Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Pushing the Boundaries of Topical Therapy in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis: A Review of Baseline Disease Severity and Burden in Clinical Trials.

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Response to Yang and Li, "Beyond abscess and inflammatory counts: Reflecting on placebo and pain in the ruxolitinib trial".

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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A Guide to Topical Vehicle Formulations.

Julia N Mayba1, Melinda J Gooderham2,3,4

  • 11 University of Manitoba Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery
|November 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Poor adherence to topical treatments for skin conditions like psoriasis and acne is common. Understanding topical formulations like ointments and creams can help improve patient adherence and treatment outcomes.

Keywords:
drug delivery systemsmedication adherencetopical administrationtopical formulations

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmaceutics

Background:

  • Patient adherence to topical treatments for chronic skin conditions is frequently inadequate.
  • Key barriers include perceived lack of efficacy, side effect concerns, and suboptimal selection of topical vehicle formulations.
  • Healthcare professionals often lack comprehensive understanding of topical formulation properties and nomenclature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the properties, definitions, and nomenclature of common topical formulations.
  • To provide guidance on the appropriate application of various topical vehicles.
  • To offer a patient-centered summary of formulation advantages and disadvantages to improve informed choices.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on topical formulation characteristics.
  • Classification of common topical vehicles including ointments, creams, lotions, solutions, suspensions, gels, foams, and sprays.
  • Development of practical summaries for clinical use.

Main Results:

  • Detailed descriptions of eight distinct topical formulations are provided.
  • Specific indications and contraindications for each formulation type are outlined.
  • Patient-focused advantages and disadvantages are summarized for each vehicle.

Conclusions:

  • A clear understanding of topical formulations is crucial for effective dermatological treatment.
  • Educating medical professionals on topical vehicle properties can enhance patient counseling.
  • Improved patient understanding and informed selection of topical treatments may significantly improve adherence and therapeutic success.