Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

8.2K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
8.2K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

3.7K
3.7K
Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

4.2K
The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
4.2K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.3K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.3K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

3.5K
3.5K
Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

10.7K
Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
10.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Inactivation of PETase at Interfaces Inhibits PET Plastic Depolymerization.

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering·2026
Same author

An OpIE2-DsRed marker disrupts female blood-feeding and shortens lifespan in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.

Genetics·2025
Same author

A yeast surface display platform for characterizing CAR T cell responses to cancer antigens.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the white-eye gene in the tephritid pest Bactrocera zonata.

Insect science·2025
Same author

Species-Specific Real-Time PCR Assay for Rapid Identification of <i>Zeugodacus cucurbitae</i> Coquillet (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Other Closely Related Fruit Fly Species.

Insects·2025
Same author

Rapid on-site detection of crop RNA viruses using CRISPR/Cas13a.

Journal of experimental botany·2024
Same journal

YdbL directly modulates YdbH-YnbE bridge formation to maintain <i>Escherichia coli</i> outer membrane homeostasis.

mBio·2026
Same journal

Bridging two hosts: how intracellular environments shape flaviviral infection.

mBio·2026
Same journal

Post-translational negative feedback loops are sufficient to coordinate synthesis of the gram-negative envelope during steady-state growth.

mBio·2026
Same journal

mGem: A tale as old as blood-do tick-borne pathogens exploit arthropod antioxidant defenses?

mBio·2026
Same journal

mGem: Subcellular compartments in bacterial pathogens and their role during infection.

mBio·2026
Same journal

mGem: A perfect storm in the era of global warming-the convergence between thermotolerant fungi and altered immunity.

mBio·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli
11:08

A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli

Published on: December 9, 2017

7.4K

Refactoring the Genetic Code for Increased Evolvability.

Gur Pines1,2, James D Winkler3,2, Assaf Pines

  • 1Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA gur.pines@colorado.edu.

Mbio
|November 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a reordered genetic code to enhance evolvability. New codes increase accessibility to mutations, improving directed evolution for synthetic biology applications.

Keywords:
evolutiongenetic codegenome synthesissaturation mutagenesis

More Related Videos

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

31.2K
Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli
11:08

A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli

Published on: December 9, 2017

7.4K
Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

31.2K
Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
04:52

Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations

Published on: February 3, 2023

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The standard genetic code is highly robust to mutations, limiting evolutionary potential.
  • Current laboratory techniques struggle to access diverse mutations due to the rarity of adjacent nucleotide changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose alternative genetic codes that maximize the mutagenic potential of single nucleotide replacements.
  • To explore codes that increase accessibility to the mutational landscape for enhanced evolvability.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical study involving computational approaches to generate alternative genetic codes.
  • Exploration of genetic code reordering to maximize single nucleotide replacement effects.

Main Results:

  • Identified alternative genetic codes that allow greater accessibility to the mutational landscape.
  • Demonstrated that these codes increase the pool of accessible amino acids and chemical differences via single nucleotide changes.

Conclusions:

  • Recoded organisms with maximized evolvability can significantly improve directed evolution efficiency.
  • These findings have potential applications in strain and protein improvement within synthetic biology.