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Related Concept Videos

Bone Markings01:26

Bone Markings

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Bones have various surface features that help form joints and attach to other soft tissues. Depending on the function, bone markings are categorized into articulating projections, processes for attachment, depressions, and openings.
Articulating Projections
Articulating projections are found where two bones meet to form a joint. These structures are usually found at the ends of bones. The largest articulation is a rounded projection called the head, supported by a narrow neck at the ends of...
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Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Models of Bone Metastasis
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Models of Bone Metastasis

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Hallmarks of Bone Metastasis.

Rachelle W Johnson1, Larry J Suva2

  • 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.

Calcified Tissue International
|November 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Breast cancer bone metastasis involves complex cell interactions disrupting bone homeostasis. New therapies should target metastatic tumor cells directly, not just bone cells, to improve patient quality-of-life.

Keywords:
Breast cancerMetastasisOsteolysisPathologyTreatment

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Related Experiment Videos

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Multi-modal Imaging of Angiogenesis in a Nude Rat Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volumetric Computed Tomography and Ultrasound
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Multi-modal Imaging of Angiogenesis in a Nude Rat Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volumetric Computed Tomography and Ultrasound

Published on: August 14, 2012

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Bone Biology
  • Cancer Metastasis

Background:

  • Breast cancer bone metastasis arises from intricate interactions between tumor, bone marrow, and bone cells.
  • These interactions disrupt bone homeostasis, increasing osteoclast and osteoblast activity, leading to skeletal-related events (SREs).
  • Current treatments primarily target bone cells, particularly osteoclasts, neglecting tumor cell-specific mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To shift focus from controlling bone cells to understanding the unique hallmarks of bone metastatic breast cancer cells.
  • To identify unmet medical needs in developing therapies that target metastatic tumor cells while preserving normal bone and marrow cells.
  • To explore the impact of metastatic tumor cells on the bone microenvironment and propose new research directions.

Main Methods:

  • This is a perspective piece, not an experimental study.
  • It reviews current understanding of breast cancer bone metastasis.
  • It proposes a conceptual shift in therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Current therapeutic strategies for breast cancer bone metastasis are insufficient.
  • There is a need for therapies targeting the specific characteristics of metastatic tumor cells in bone.
  • Understanding tumor cell hallmarks is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Future research should focus on the distinct features of bone metastatic tumor cells.
  • Developing therapies that target tumor cells directly offers a promising avenue for improving patient outcomes.
  • A paradigm shift towards targeting tumor cell hallmarks is necessary to address the unmet medical needs in breast cancer bone metastasis.