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β-cyclodextrin encapsulated polyphenols as effective antioxidants.

Pritam Roy1, Amit Kumar Dinda1, Susmitnarayan Chaudhury1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.

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Summary

Polyphenols prevent oxidative stress markers like dityrosine (DT) formation in proteins. Encapsulating polyphenols in beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) further prevents protein oligomerization, offering enhanced antioxidant protection.

Keywords:
dityrosineoxidative stresspolyphenolsprotein oligomerizationβ-cyclodextrin encapsulation

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Oxidative Stress Research

Background:

  • Dityrosine (DT) cross-linkages in proteins are key indicators of oxidative stress.
  • Ribonuclease A (RNase A) exhibits DT formation and structural changes upon oxidation.
  • Polyphenols like gallic acid (GA), epicatechin (EC), and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) show antioxidant properties but can cause protein oligomerization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the antioxidant efficacy of encapsulated polyphenols using beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD).
  • To determine if β-CD encapsulation prevents polyphenol-induced protein oligomerization.
  • To compare the protective effects of free versus encapsulated polyphenols against oxidative damage.

Main Methods:

  • Oxidation of Ribonuclease A (RNase A) to induce dityrosine (DT) formation.
  • Treatment with free polyphenols (GA, ECG, EGCG) and their β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexes.
  • Analysis of DT formation and protein oligomerization using fluorescence spectroscopy and other relevant techniques.

Main Results:

  • Polyphenol/β-CD inclusion complexes effectively inhibited DT formation in RNase A.
  • Encapsulated polyphenols significantly reduced protein oligomerization compared to free polyphenols.
  • The encapsulation mechanism prevents the reactive quinone rings of EGCG and ECG from cross-linking with proteins.

Conclusions:

  • β-cyclodextrin encapsulation is a viable strategy to enhance the antioxidant benefits of polyphenols.
  • This method mitigates both oxidative stress markers (DT) and unwanted protein aggregation.
  • Encapsulated polyphenols offer a safer and more effective approach to combating protein oxidative damage.