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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Refining the ischemic penumbra with topography.

Tharani Thirugnanachandran¹, Henry Ma¹, Shaloo Singhal¹

¹1 Stroke & Ageing Research (STARC), Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.

International Journal of Stroke : Official Journal of the International Stroke Society

|November 16, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The ischemic penumbra, a concept from animal models, is redefined by neuroimaging. Understanding its topography is key for personalized stroke treatments, moving beyond time-based approaches.

Keywords:

Penumbra diffusion-weighted imaging neuroimaging oligemia ischemic stroke perfusion-weighted imaging reperfusion topography

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Neuroimaging
Stroke Research

Background:

The ischemic penumbra concept, established 40 years ago, depicted stroke topography as a core surrounded by penumbral and oligemic tissue.
This traditional view predates modern neuroimaging techniques.
The penumbra's role in endovascular therapy has been crucial, extending treatment windows up to 24 hours.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolution of understanding the ischemic penumbra's topography.
To integrate insights from early animal models with current neuroimaging advancements.
To refine knowledge on the temporal and spatial dynamics of the penumbra.

Main Methods:

Review of historical experimental animal models of ischemic stroke.
Analysis of current neuroimaging techniques for defining penumbra.
Synthesis of clinical trial data on endovascular therapies.

Main Results:

Neuroimaging has significantly refined the understanding of the penumbra's temporal and spatial characteristics.
Successful application of the penumbra concept in clinical trials, enabling extended treatment windows.
Observations of good patient outcomes despite large ischemic cores highlight the need for a nuanced understanding.

Conclusions:

The traditional topographical model of the ischemic penumbra requires re-evaluation in light of advanced neuroimaging.
Future research should shift towards individualized, tissue- and location-based approaches rather than solely time-dependent models.
A deeper understanding of penumbra topography and core infarct function is essential for optimizing stroke patient management.