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Do gait patterns differ in men and women with multiple sclerosis?

Massimiliano Pau1, Federica Corona1, Giuseppina Pilloni1

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Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
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Summary

Men and women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) show distinct gait kinematics, with males exhibiting altered ankle, knee, and hip movements. Understanding these sex-related differences in gait is crucial for MS rehabilitation.

Keywords:
GaitKinematicsMultiple sclerosis (MS)SexSpatio-temporal

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biomechanics
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Multiple Sclerosis (MS) presents with sex-based variations in prevalence, cognitive impairment, and disability progression.
  • The influence of sex on ambulatory dysfunctions, specifically gait parameters in people with MS (pwMS), remains largely unexplored.
  • This study addresses the gap in knowledge regarding sex-specific differences in gait characteristics among pwMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential sex-related differences in spatio-temporal and kinematic gait parameters in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis.
  • To utilize 3D gait analysis to quantitatively assess gait characteristics in male and female pwMS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of gait data from 60 pwMS (32 female, 28 male) with low to moderate disability (EDSS 1-5.5).
  • Calculation of spatio-temporal gait parameters and sagittal plane kinematics at the hip, knee, and ankle joints.
  • Data collected between 2014 and 2017.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in gait kinematics were observed between men and women with MS.
  • Men demonstrated reduced ankle plantar-flexion, increased knee flexion, and increased hip flexion compared to women.
  • Normalized spatio-temporal gait parameters showed no significant sex-based differences.

Conclusions:

  • Sex is a significant factor influencing gait kinematics in pwMS, necessitating its consideration in research and clinical practice.
  • Investigating sex-specific gait disturbances can enhance understanding of MS pathophysiology.
  • Tailoring rehabilitative strategies based on sex-specific gait patterns may improve treatment outcomes for pwMS.