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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
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Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

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The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

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Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Bone Marrow Transplantation Procedures in Mice to Study Clonal Hematopoiesis
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Age-related clonal hematopoiesis.

Liran I Shlush1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Division of Hematology, Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel; and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Blood
|November 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH) involves the expansion of specific blood stem cells. This process is linked to aging and various diseases, suggesting potential health benefits from its prevention or treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Aging affects diverse blood cells, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).
  • Reduced genetic diversity in stem cells and lymphocytes is observed with age, possibly due to somatic mutations or niche changes.
  • Age-related clonal hematopoiesis (ARCH) is the clonal expansion of HSPCs with specific genetic variants in individuals without hematological malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-related clonal expansions in the human HSPC pool (ARCH).
  • To discuss the association of ARCH with aging and other pathological conditions.
  • To present a diagnostic and follow-up decision tree for ARCH in research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on age-related clonal hematopoiesis.

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  • Analysis of genetic diversity changes in blood cells.
  • Description of diagnostic approaches for ARCH.

    • Main Results:

    • ARCH is characterized by gradual, clonal expansion of HSPCs with disruptive genetic variants.
    • ARCH is linked to chronological aging, inflammation, vascular diseases, cancer mortality, and increased risk of hematological malignancies.
    • The exact role of ARCH in pathophysiology remains unclear, but it may be a marker or active contributor.

    Conclusions:

    • ARCH is a significant age-related phenomenon with broad health implications.
    • Preventing or treating ARCH could potentially improve human health.
    • A structured approach to ARCH diagnosis and follow-up is needed in research settings.