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Morphofunctional experience-dependent plasticity in the honeybee brain.

Mara Andrione1, Benjamin F Timberlake1, Giorgio Vallortigara1

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Repeated odor exposure in honeybees changes how their brains represent smells, making familiar odors seem less distinct from novel ones. This involves structural and functional brain changes in the antennal lobe.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Olfactory processing
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Experience-dependent plasticity shapes sensory processing without direct reward or punishment.
  • In honeybees, olfactory learning modifies neural representations in the antennal lobe (AL).
  • Prior exposure to an odorant can alter the perception of subsequent odor stimuli (latent inhibition).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional and morphological changes in the honeybee antennal lobe following prolonged odor exposure.
  • To determine if structural plasticity in the AL underlies functional alterations in olfactory representation.
  • To explore the role of inhibitory rebalancing in experience-dependent plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Honeybees (Apis mellifera) were subjected to prolonged exposure to a single odorant.
  • Calcium imaging was used to analyze functional responses in the antennal lobe.
  • Morphological analysis examined structural changes, specifically glomerular volume, within the AL.

Main Results:

  • Prolonged odor exposure led to functional changes in the AL, making familiar odor representations more similar to novel ones.
  • These functional changes were accompanied by structural plasticity, including a decrease in volume of specific AL glomeruli.
  • Glomeruli showing structural changes also exhibited altered functional responses to familiar, novel, and mixed odor stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Experience-dependent plasticity in the honeybee olfactory system involves both functional and structural modifications in the antennal lobe.
  • Rebalancing of inhibition within AL glomeruli is proposed as a mechanism driving these plasticity-related changes.
  • These findings provide insights into how olfactory perception is dynamically shaped by environmental exposure.