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Related Experiment Videos

Immunophenotypic spectrum of plasma cell leukemia.

M D Linden1, A J Fishleder, R R Tubbs

  • 1Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio 44106.

Cancer
|March 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) exhibits a variable immunotype, unlike normal B-cell maturation or typical multiple myeloma (MM). This immunophenotypic spectrum in PCL warrants further investigation into its prognostic significance.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Normal B-cell maturation involves distinct immunologic marker expression.
  • Multiple myeloma (MM) plasma cells typically share the immunophenotype of normal plasma cells.
  • Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare, aggressive plasma cell dyscrasia.

Observation:

  • Four PCL cases presented with atypical immunophenotypes.
  • Immunomarkers such as B1 antigen, surface immunoglobulin (SIg), T10 antigen, plasma cell antigen (PCA), and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (CIg) showed variable expression.
  • All cases were monoclonal for lambda light chains and negative for common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA).

Findings:

  • None of the PCL cases exhibited a typical B-cell differentiation immunophenotype.

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  • One case was PCA-positive but also expressed B1 and SIg.
  • Three cases expressed T10 and CIg; two of these also showed SIg, weak PCA, and B1 expression.

    • Implications:

    • The study highlights the broad immunophenotypic spectrum of PCL.
    • This heterogeneity in PCL immunophenotypes suggests a departure from normal B-cell maturation pathways.
    • Further research is needed to determine the prognostic value of PCL immunophenotypic variability.