Restoration of Ribozyme Tertiary Contact and Function by Using a Molecular Glue for RNA

Some RNA classes require folding into the proper higher-order structures to exert their functions. Hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) requires a folding conformation stabilized by tertiary interaction for full activity. A rationally engineered HHR was developed that was inactive, but could be activated by a synthetic RNA-binding ligand, naphthyridine carbamate tetramer with Z-stilbene linker (Z-NCTS). Binding of Z-NCTS could induce the formation of an active folding structure and thereby restore ribozyme activity, where Z-NCTS acts as a molecular glue to bring two isolated RNA loops into contact with each other. Next, we designed a Z-NCTS-responsive genetic switch using the HHR sequence inserted into the 3' untranslated region as a cis-acting element. We demonstrated that the rationally designed ribozyme switch enabled regulation of gene expression by Z-NCTS and was functional in mammalian cells.