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A diagnostic algorithm for evaluating cases of potential macrocyclic lactone-resistant heartworm.

Andrew R Moorhead1, Christopher C Evans2, Ray M Kaplan2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Drive, Athens, GA, 30605, USA. amoorhed@uga.edu.

Parasites & Vectors
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PubMed
Summary

A new algorithm aids in identifying macrocyclic lactone-resistant heartworm, a growing threat to canine heartworm prevention. This method helps track resistant strains and adapt control strategies.

Keywords:
Dirofilaria immitisHeartwormMacrocyclic lactoneResistance

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Parasitology
  • Drug Resistance Studies

Background:

  • Macrocyclic lactone resistance in canine heartworm threatens current prevention methods.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms and identifying resistant cases are critical challenges.
  • Experimental confirmation of resistance is costly and impractical for routine diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an algorithm for identifying likely cases of macrocyclic lactone-resistant heartworm.
  • To guide appropriate treatment strategies for drug-resistant infections.
  • To prevent the further spread of resistant heartworm strains.

Main Methods:

  • The algorithm utilizes the microfilarial suppression test (MFST) as a key diagnostic measure.
  • Standardizing the MFST for practitioner use enables preliminary resistance surveys.
  • The approach aims to identify likely drug-resistant heartworm cases.

Main Results:

  • The microfilarial suppression test (MFST) serves as an efficient indicator of suspected resistance.
  • A standardized, accessible MFST facilitates preliminary surveying of resistance emergence and spread.
  • The algorithm provides a practical means to identify potential drug-resistant heartworm infections.

Conclusions:

  • Identified heartworm isolates can advance research into macrocyclic lactone resistance.
  • This method supports the adaptation of effective heartworm prevention strategies.
  • Early detection and research are crucial for combating drug resistance in canine heartworm.