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A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization
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A Murine Model of Group B Streptococcus Vaginal Colonization

Published on: November 16, 2016

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Effects of Intrapartum Antibiotic Prophylaxis on Neonatal Acquisition of Group B Streptococci

Meiwa Toyofuku1, Miyuki Morozumi2, Mariko Hida3

  • 1Division of Pediatrics, Yokohama Rosai Hospital, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

The Journal of Pediatrics
|November 17, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Delayed group B streptococci (GBS) colonization occurs in infants born to GBS-carrying mothers who received intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP). GBS infection should be considered in infants presenting with symptoms at one month of age.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal infectious diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Maternal-fetal medicine

Background:

  • Group B streptococci (GBS) is a leading cause of neonatal infections.
  • Maternal GBS carriage and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) are key factors influencing neonatal GBS colonization.
  • Understanding colonization patterns is crucial for preventing GBS disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of GBS colonization in neonates.
  • To evaluate the impact of maternal GBS carriage on neonatal colonization.
  • To assess the influence of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) on GBS colonization rates.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective collection of nasopharyngeal and rectal swabs from 730 neonates at 1 week and 1 month post-birth.
  • Identification of GBS and capsular serotypes using real-time PCR and culture.
  • Retrospective review of hospital records for maternal IAP status.

Main Results:

  • Overall GBS colonization incidence was 8.8% (64/730 neonates).
  • Neonates born to GBS-carrying mothers with IAP had a 19.6% GBS-positive rate, versus 6.5% for non-carrier mothers (P < .01).
  • IAP was associated with a significantly lower frequency of GBS in neonates (P < .05) and a trend towards delayed colonization.

Conclusions:

  • Delayed GBS colonization is observed in infants born to GBS-carrier mothers who received IAP.
  • GBS should be considered in the differential diagnosis for infants presenting with signs of infection at one month of age.
  • Further research into serotype distribution (V, III, Ib, Ia common) and IAP effectiveness is warranted.
Abstract

Keywords:
Streptococcus agalactiaecapsular serotypematernal colonizationreal-time PCRvertical transmission

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