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Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Breast Cancer.

Vijaya V Mysorekar1

  • 1Department of Pathology, M.S. Ramaiah Medical College, MSR Nagar, MSRIT post, Bangalore - 560 054, India.

World Journal of Oncology
|November 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is a minimally invasive staging procedure for breast cancer. Identifying sentinel nodes negative for cancer spares patients extensive axillary dissection and reduces complications.

Keywords:
Breast cancerLymphatic mappingMicrometastasesSentinel node biopsy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Pathology

Background:

  • Axillary lymph node status is a critical prognostic indicator for breast cancer recurrence and survival.
  • Current standard treatment involves complete axillary lymph node dissection.
  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy offers a less invasive alternative for staging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role and techniques of sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer management.
  • To discuss the detection of micrometastases and its impact on surgical decisions.

Main Methods:

  • Sentinel lymph node mapping using blue dye and radiotracer.
  • Intraoperative assessment via imprint cytology and frozen sections.
  • Postoperative examination with serial sectioning and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy accurately identifies metastatic involvement.
  • Negative sentinel nodes allow avoidance of complete axillary dissection, reducing morbidity.
  • Immunohistochemistry enhances detection of micrometastases.

Conclusions:

  • Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an accurate and minimally invasive staging procedure for breast cancer.
  • It enables tailored surgical management, sparing patients unnecessary axillary dissection.
  • This approach improves outcomes and reduces postoperative complications.