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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

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Ice Squeezing Induced Multicolor Fluorescence Emissions from Polyacrylamide Cryogels.

Chun Yang¹, Yan Zhang², Wei-Qin Cao²

¹School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, 180 Siwangting RD, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China. cyang01@126.com.

Journal of Fluorescence

|November 18, 2017

Summary

Polyacrylamide cryogels exhibit unexpected multicolor fluorescence due to ice crystal squeezing. This cryogenic polymerization method offers a novel route to diverse fluorescent polymer materials.

Keywords:

Cryogenic polymerization Fluorescence Polyacrylamide cryogel Squeezing effect

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Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

Polymer Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Polyacrylamide typically lacks conventional chromophores and is not considered fluorescent.
Previous attempts at polymerizing acrylamide and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide in dilute solutions did not yield fluorescent materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the potential for inducing fluorescence in polyacrylamide-based materials.
To explore the role of cryogenic conditions and the phase transition of water in polymer synthesis and properties.

Main Methods:

Cryogenic polymerization of acrylamide and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide at -20°C.
Involvement of the phase transition of water and the squeezing effect of ice crystals.
Adjustment of monomer ingredient ratios to achieve different fluorescence colors.
Instrumental detections to analyze the fluorescence mechanism.

Main Results:

Macroporous polyacrylamide cryogels were synthesized at -20°C.
These cryogels exhibited unexpected multicolor fluorescence (blue, yellow, and red).
The fluorescence was attributed to amido stacking induced by ice squeezing during polymerization.
Different fluorescence colors were achieved by varying monomer ratios.

Conclusions:

The squeezing effect of ice crystals during cryogenic polymerization can induce fluorescence in polyacrylamide.
This method allows for the creation of diverse fluorescent polymeric materials with tunable emission colors.
Cryogenic polymerization presents a promising approach for developing novel functional polymers.