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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

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When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
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Stages of Infection01:26

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Stages of infection describe what happens to a susceptible host once a pathogen invades the human body. The stages of infection are incubation, prodromal, illness, stage of decline, and convalescence. The incubation stage is the period from exposure to a pathogen until symptoms start. The infected person is unaware of impending illness as the pathogens grow and multiply within the body. The duration may vary depending on the type of infection. The incubation period of measles averages ten to...
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Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures01:22

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Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes
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Quantitating Iron Transport Across the Mouse Placenta In Vivo Using Nonradioactive Iron Isotopes

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Iron and infection.

Tomas Ganz1

  • 1CHS 52-243, Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. TGanz@mednet.ucla.edu.

International Journal of Hematology
|November 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Host immune responses restrict essential iron availability to combat microbial infections. However, iron overload and inflammation can impair these defenses, increasing infection susceptibility and causing anemia.

Keywords:
FerroportinHepcidinLactoferrinLipocalinNramp2

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Iron is a vital nutrient for microbial survival and proliferation.
  • Host defense mechanisms have evolved to limit iron availability to pathogens.
  • Dysregulation of iron homeostasis can compromise host immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review host mechanisms for restricting iron during infection.
  • To examine how iron overload disorders affect infection susceptibility.
  • To explain the pathogenesis of anemia of inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of host-pathogen iron interactions.
  • Analysis of iron restriction strategies at mucosal surfaces, in plasma, and within macrophages.
  • Examination of the impact of iron overload and inflammation on host defense.

Main Results:

  • Infections activate mechanisms to sequester iron in various body compartments.
  • Iron overload disorders (e.g., hereditary hemochromatosis, β-thalassemia) impair iron restriction, increasing infection risk.
  • Anemia of inflammation results from inflammatory cytokines affecting erythrocyte lifespan, leukocyte production, and iron metabolism via hepcidin.

Conclusions:

  • Host iron restriction is a critical antimicrobial defense.
  • Impaired iron homeostasis due to overload or inflammation exacerbates infection susceptibility.
  • Anemia of inflammation is an unintended consequence of the immune response impacting iron availability and red blood cell turnover.