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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Shrinkage of Dental Composite in Simulated Cavity Measured with Digital Image Correlation
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Marginal Gap Formation in Approximal "Bulk Fill" Resin Composite Restorations After Artificial Ageing.

A Peutzfeldt, S Mühlebach, A Lussi

    Operative Dentistry
    |November 18, 2017
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    Summary

    This study found that packable resin composites showed less marginal gap formation in enamel than bulk fill composites. However, flowable bulk fill composites performed better in dentin, indicating material choice depends on restoration location.

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    Area of Science:

    • Dental Materials Science
    • Restorative Dentistry
    • Biomaterials Engineering

    Background:

    • Marginal gap formation in dental restorations is a critical factor influencing secondary caries and restoration longevity.
    • Flowable "bulk fill" resin composites offer clinical advantages but their marginal integrity compared to conventional packable composites requires thorough investigation.
    • Understanding marginal gap formation under simulated intraoral conditions is essential for selecting appropriate restorative materials.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the marginal gap formation of a packable resin composite (Filtek Supreme XTE) against two flowable "bulk fill" resin composites (Filtek Bulk Fill and SDR).
    • To evaluate marginal gap formation in Class II restorations placed below the cemento-enamel junction.
    • To assess the influence of artificial aging (toothbrushing and thermocycling) on marginal gap formation.

    Main Methods:

    • In vitro study using 39 extracted human molars with Class II cavities restored using OptiBond FL and one of three resin composites.
    • Specimens underwent six months of water storage with alternating mechanical toothbrushing and thermocycling.
    • Marginal gap formation was quantified using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on replicas taken at baseline and after aging.

    Main Results:

    • Filtek Supreme XTE exhibited significantly less marginal gap formation in enamel compared to Filtek Bulk Fill and SDR.
    • SDR demonstrated significantly lower marginal gap formation in dentin compared to Filtek Supreme XTE and Filtek Bulk Fill.
    • Marginal gap formation was significantly lower in dentin than in enamel across all tested materials.

    Conclusions:

    • Packable resin composites may offer superior marginal integrity in enamel compared to flowable "bulk fill" resin composites.
    • Certain flowable "bulk fill" resin composites, like SDR, may be more advantageous for dentin margins.
    • Material selection for Class II restorations should consider the specific margin location (enamel vs. dentin) to optimize marginal seal.