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The risk factors related to bruxism in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Huaqi Guo1, Tongxia Wang2, Xiaohong Niu1
1Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Dong Gang West Road, Gansu, China; Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, No. 143 North Road, Gansu, China; Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Lanzhou University, No. 199 Dong Gang West Road, Gansu, China.
Insights
This review identified key risk factors for childhood bruxism, including male gender, genetics, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Understanding these factors is crucial for early intervention and management of bruxism in children.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Dentistry
- Sleep Medicine
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Bruxism in children is a prevalent condition with multifactorial causes.
- Identifying risk factors is essential for effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and determine the risk factors associated with bruxism in children.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane Handbook.
- Searched seven databases (PubMed, Embase, etc.) up to October 2016.
- Included RCTs, cohort, and case-control studies; assessed bruxism via questionnaires and exams.
Main Results:
- Identified significant risk factors: male gender, genetics, mixed dentition, anxiety, nervousness, secondhand smoke exposure, psychological distress, sleep disturbances (e.g., loud snoring, restless sleep, mouth breathing, <8 hours sleep, light on, noise), headaches, and behavioral issues (e.g., biting, conduct problems).
Conclusions:
- Male gender, genetic predisposition, dental issues, psychological factors, environmental exposures (secondhand smoke), and specific sleep behaviors are significant risk factors for childhood bruxism.
- Early identification of these risk factors can guide targeted interventions to mitigate bruxism prevalence and impact.
Objective:
This systematic review was performed to determine the risk factors related to bruxism in children.
Design:
This systematic review was conducted with reporting in agreement to the PRISMA statement and according to guidelines from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We conducted a systematic search of seven online databases, with the last search updated on 1st October 2016. The seven databases were Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library database, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, and WF. The included trial type were RCT, cohort studies, and case-control studies, and bruxism symptoms were assessed by questionnaires and examinations. Eighteen out of the 5637 initially identified studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results:
gender, age, gene, mixed position, anxiety, the nervous, secondhand smoke, high psychological reactions, responsibility, move a lot during sleep, sleeps with mouth open, snores loudly, restless sleep, sleep hours, sleep with light on, noise in room, headache, biting, cheeks tonus, perioral musculature participation, conduct problems, peer problems, emotional symptoms, mental health problems, birth weight, occupation of family head, maternal marital status, hyperactivity, family income seemed to have statistical significance from the present systematic review and meta-analysis.
Conclusions:
The risk factors related to bruxism were as follows: Male, gene, mixed position, moves a lot, anxiety, the nervous, psychological reactions, responsibility, secondhand smoke, snore loudly, restless sleep, sleep with light on, noise in room, "sleep hours, ≤8h", headache, objects biting, conduct problems, peer problems, emotional symptoms and mental health problems.
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