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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Gene Digital Circuits Based on CRISPR-Cas Systems and Anti-CRISPR Proteins
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CRISPR History: Discovery, Characterization, and Prosperity.

Wenyuan Han1, Qunxin She1

  • 1Archaea Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Biocenter, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|November 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR technology, discovered 10 years ago, offers powerful genome editing capabilities. This rapidly advancing field, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) research, has revolutionized life sciences and biomedical applications.

Keywords:
CRISPR lociCRISPR technologyCascadeDNA interferenceRNPanti-CRISPR systemscas gene cassettescrRNA biogenesisgRNA-Cas9spacer adaptation

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • CRISPR systems identified in microbial genomes early this century.
  • Initial research focused on comparative genomics revealing CRISPR and CRISPR-associated (Cas) sequences.
  • CRISPR systems were discovered to function as an antiviral defense mechanism in prokaryotes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the rapid advancement of CRISPR research.
  • To highlight the discovery of CRISPR's antiviral properties and molecular mechanisms.
  • To discuss the development and applications of CRISPR technology.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analyses of microbial genomes.
  • Experimental testing of hypotheses regarding CRISPR function.
  • Review of interdisciplinary research and publications.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of CRISPR's role in prokaryotic antiviral immunity.
  • Elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying CRISPR function.
  • Development of CRISPR technology for genome editing across all domains of life.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR research has experienced explosive growth in the last five years.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration has been crucial for CRISPR discoveries and advancements.
  • CRISPR technology holds significant potential for scientific research and biomedical applications.