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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
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Biasing metal-semiconductor junctions involves applying a voltage across the junction. Specifically, the metal is connected to a voltage source, while the semiconductor is grounded. This technique is essential for controlling the direction and magnitude of current flow in electronic devices, including diodes, transistors, and photovoltaic cells.
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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Residue-Free Fabrication of van der Waals Heterostructures of Two-Dimensional Materials
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Author Correction: Tunable two-dimensional interfacial coupling in molecular heterostructures.

Beibei Xu1,2, Himanshu Chakraborty3,4, Vivek K Yadav3

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA.

Nature Communications
|November 19, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study corrects a previous figure citation, acknowledging prior work on surface-tension-driven polymer film formation. Proper attribution is essential for scientific integrity and reproducibility in materials science.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Polymer Science

Background:

  • Surface tension plays a critical role in the formation of polymer films.
  • Accurate citation is fundamental to scientific research and reproducibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To correct an omission in figure attribution.
  • To acknowledge the source of the surface-tension scheme used in Fig. 1b.

Main Methods:

  • Review of figure captions and original sources.
  • Correction of citation details within the manuscript.

Main Results:

  • The surface-tension scheme in Fig. 1b is adapted from prior work.
  • Correct citation identifies the original source as Noh et al. (Nat. Commun. 7, 12374, 2016).

Conclusions:

  • Ensuring proper credit is given to previous research is vital.
  • This correction enhances the transparency and integrity of the published work.