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Related Concept Videos

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry01:12

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

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Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
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Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview01:19

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In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then...
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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Mass Spectrometers01:16

Mass Spectrometers

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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Time-resolved ElectroSpray Ionization Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry for Studying Protein Structure and Dynamics
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Coupling Microchip Electrospray Ionization Devices with High Pressure Mass Spectrometry.

William M Gilliland, J Scott Mellors1, J Michael Ramsey

  • 1908 Devices, Inc. , Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|November 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new microchip electrospray ionization source was coupled with high-pressure mass spectrometry (HPMS) for sensitive detection. This system successfully detected amino acids and peptides, demonstrating its potential for complex biological analyses.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • High-pressure mass spectrometry (HPMS) offers unique analytical capabilities.
  • Integrating microchip devices with MS can enhance sample handling and analysis speed.
  • Miniature mass spectrometers require robust inlet systems for efficient ion transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To couple a microchip electrospray ionization (ESI) source with a high-pressure mass spectrometry (HPMS) system.
  • To develop and evaluate a continuous atmospheric inlet for ion transfer.
  • To assess the performance of a miniature cylindrical ion trap (mini-CIT) mass spectrometer for analyzing biomolecules.

Main Methods:

  • A microchip ESI source was interfaced with an HPMS system using a stainless steel capillary and DC ion optics.
  • Amino acids and peptides were infused and analyzed using a mini-CIT MS operating at ≥1 Torr with air as the buffer gas.
  • Microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation coupled with mini-CIT detection was performed and compared to a commercial instrument (Waters Synapt G2).

Main Results:

  • The mini-CIT detector successfully spanned a mass range from m/z 75 to 681, detecting glycine and thymopentin.
  • Comparable separation efficiencies were achieved between the mini-CIT and the commercial Synapt G2.
  • The mini-CIT system exhibited wider peak widths than the Synapt G2, consistent with high-pressure operation, and a lower signal-to-noise ratio (approximately 6x).

Conclusions:

  • The developed microchip ESI-HPMS system is capable of analyzing amino acids and peptides.
  • The mini-CIT MS demonstrates potential for high-pressure analytical applications, despite lower signal-to-noise compared to commercial systems.
  • Further optimization of the mini-CIT system could improve sensitivity and peak resolution for broader applications in chemical and biological analysis.