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Novel calibration techniques for remote sensing instruments utilize large-area integrating spheres. These spheres provide accurate spectral radiance measurements, crucial for space-based ozone monitoring and surveillance applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Optical remote sensing
  • Radiometric calibration techniques

Background:

  • Large field-of-view radiometers are essential for remote sensing and surveillance.
  • Accurate calibration is critical for reliable data acquisition.
  • Integrating sphere sources offer a viable solution for secondary standards in radiance and irradiance calibration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the spectral radiance of a large-area integrating sphere source.
  • To assess the suitability of integrating spheres for calibrating remote sensing instruments.
  • To support the National Aeronautical and Space Administration's ozone measurement program.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of spectral radiance in the near-ultraviolet (230 nm to 400 nm).
  • Spatial mapping of the integrating sphere's output.
  • Determination of measurement uncertainty and spatial nonuniformities.

Main Results:

  • The integrating sphere source exhibited spectral radiance measurements with 1% to 2% expanded uncertainty.
  • Spatial nonuniformities were found to be 0.6% or smaller across the exit aperture.
  • A method for calculating final radiance uncertainties, considering instrument field of view, was proposed.

Conclusions:

  • Large-area integrating sphere sources can be accurately measured for radiometric calibration.
  • These sources demonstrate high spatial uniformity, suitable for calibrating large field-of-view instruments.
  • The proposed uncertainty calculation method enhances the reliability of calibrations for remote sensing applications.