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Medical student distress. A longitudinal study.

P P Vitaliano1, R D Maiuro, J Russo

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.

The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease
|February 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Psychological distress, including anxiety and depression, increased in first-year medical students over the academic year. Higher initial distress predicted later problems, linked to suppressed anger and Type A behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Psychology
  • Student Well-being

Background:

  • First-year medical students face significant psychological distress.
  • Understanding factors influencing this distress is crucial for student support.
  • Longitudinal data can reveal changes and predictors over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the changes and correlates of psychological distress in first-year medical students.
  • To identify factors predicting distress at the end of the academic year.
  • To assess changes in coping strategies and social support.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study of 312 first-year medical students.
  • Data collected in September and May.
  • Assessed psychological distress (anxiety, depression), coping styles, social support, Type A behavior, and anger expression.

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Main Results:

  • Anxiety levels remained high, and depression prevalence doubled over the year.
  • Problem-focused coping decreased, while emotion-focused coping and suppressed anger increased.
  • Students distressed in September were at higher risk for distress in May.
  • May distress was associated with higher suppressed anger and Type A behavior, independent of September distress.

Conclusions:

  • First-year medical students experience significant and worsening psychological distress.
  • Shifts in coping mechanisms and increased suppressed anger are key concerns.
  • Early identification and intervention for distressed students are essential.