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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Multimodal Analytical Platform on a Multiplexed Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging Chip for the Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle Subsets
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Rh blood phenotyping (D, E, e, C, c) microarrays using multichannel surface plasmon resonance imaging.

Chinnawut Pipatpanukul1, Sasaki Takeya2, Akira Baba2

  • 1Office of Education, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|November 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) enables simultaneous detection of Rhesus (Rh) blood group antigens. This method offers a simplified, time-saving assay for Rh blood group identification with high accuracy.

Keywords:
BloodBlood groupingMicroarrayRh blood groupSPR imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • The Rhesus (Rh) blood group system is crucial for safe blood transfusions.
  • Accurate and efficient detection of Rh antigens is essential for clinical diagnostics.
  • Existing methods for Rh blood group typing can be time-consuming and complex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the application of Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRi) for detecting transmembrane antigens of the Rhesus (Rh) blood group system.
  • To evaluate SPRi as a method for simultaneous identification of clinically significant Rh antigens (D, C, E, c, e).
  • To compare the binding kinetics and interaction strength of Rh antigens with immobilized antibodies.

Main Methods:

  • Solid phase immobilization assay utilizing SPRi technology.
  • Simultaneous detection of multiple Rh antigens (D, C, E, c, e).
  • Optimization of Red Blood Cell (RBC) dilution (1:10) and flow conditions (stop-flow) for enhanced binding.
  • Measurement of RBC removal behavior under shear flow to determine antigen-antibody interaction strength.

Main Results:

  • SPRi allows for simultaneous identification of D, C, E, c, and e antigens, offering time savings and assay simplification.
  • Stop-flow conditions improved specific binding compared to continuous flow.
  • Rh antigens exhibited stronger interactions with immobilized antibodies than A, B, and AB antigens.
  • SPRi analysis of 82 samples showed good agreement with the standard micro-column agglutination technique.
  • The assay demonstrated wider antigenic recognition for RBCs with transmembrane protein-located antigens.

Conclusions:

  • SPRi is a highly accurate and precise technique for the simultaneous detection of clinically significant Rh blood group antigens.
  • The method simplifies Rh blood group typing and shows potential for identifying minor Rh blood group systems.
  • SPRi offers a promising alternative to conventional blood grouping methods, particularly for complex antigen detection.