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Symbiotic relationships are long-term, close interactions between individuals of different species that affect the distribution and abundance of those species. When a relationship is beneficial to both species, this is called mutualism. When the relationship is beneficial to one species but neither beneficial nor harmful to the other species, this is called commensalism. When one organism is harmed to benefit another, the relationship is known as parasitism. These types of relationships often...
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Magical thinking encompasses the belief in assumptions that defy logical reasoning yet appear intuitively convincing. It is a common psychological phenomenon that persists across various cultural and individual contexts. While these assumptions contradict empirical evidence and scientific laws, they often serve meaningful psychological roles in promoting emotional resilience and a sense of control, especially under stress or uncertainty.Thought-Action Fusion and the Law of SimilarityA key...
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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
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Sisyphus in Neverland.

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  • 1Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona; Service of Pathological Anatomy, Bellvitge University Hospital; CIBERNED; Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.

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This abstract reflects on a career dedicated to understanding life, from biology and neurology to social sciences. It highlights the journey of scientific inquiry, embracing both hypothesis-driven research and serendipity.

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Area of Science:

  • Interdisciplinary science, encompassing biology, neurology, neuropathology, history, sociology, and art.
  • Exploration of the intricate organization of life and the formation of social communities.

Background:

  • Personal fascination with the study of life and living organisms.
  • Influence of historical, political, and social events on scientific perspective.
  • Inspiration drawn from philosophers like Epicurus, Seneca, and Camus, and diverse scientists.

Discussion:

  • The scientific process involves hypothesis creation, experimentation, and embracing serendipitous discoveries.
  • Acknowledging the challenges in scientific pursuit, including errors, setbacks, and opposition.
  • The importance of personal attributes such as ambition, imagination, resilience, and endurance in overcoming obstacles.

Key Insights:

  • Science offers a pathway to understanding complex systems, from molecular to societal levels.
  • The integration of diverse fields enriches scientific exploration and discovery.
  • Personal growth and resilience are integral to a successful scientific career.

Outlook:

  • Continued appreciation for the beauty and complexity of science.
  • The value of a dedicated and persistent approach to scientific inquiry.
  • The enduring impact of scientific exploration on personal and professional life.