Giant Renal Angiomyolipoma Following Ovarian Stimulation Therapy

Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are benign tumors with higher prevalence in women. Female hormones have been shown to induce AML enlargement. This case refers to a 40-year-old woman with 4 left kidney AMLs, the larger ones with 1.0 and 1.3 cm. Ten months after ovarian stimulation for egg harvesting, a computed tomography revealed an 18-cm AML with large-caliber vessels. Given her high risk of AML bleeding, the patient was submitted to selective arterial embolization, which turned out unsuccessful, supporting a plan of nephron-sparing surgery. Our case highlights the pro-growth effects of female hormones on AML, with particular emphasis to ovarian stimulation.