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Relatives in silent kidney disease screening (RISKS) study: A Chinese cohort study
Philip Kam-Tao Li1, Jack Kit-Chung Ng1, Yuk Lun Cheng2
1Carol and Richard Yu Peritoneal Dialysis Research Centre, Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)
|November 21, 2017
Summary
First-degree relatives of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients face increased CKD risk. Screening is vital, especially for parents, older individuals, obese, and male relatives who show higher markers of kidney damage.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Public Health
- Genetics
Background:
- Family members of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) exhibit a heightened risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- Research on CKD risk in relatives of patients with earlier stages of CKD is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of kidney damage markers in first-degree relatives of CKD patients across all stages.
- To identify factors associated with an increased risk of developing kidney damage in these relatives.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 844 first-degree relatives of 466 CKD patients (stages 1-5) was studied.
- Kidney damage was assessed using a composite marker including proteinuria, elevated urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, hypertension, and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
- Risk factors were analyzed through multivariate analysis.
Main Results:
- 23.1% of relatives had proteinuria, 25.9% had hematuria, and 4.4% had glycosuria.
- Smoking was associated with lower eGFR and higher proteinuria prevalence.
- Older age, male gender, obesity, being a parent, and having a female index patient were independent predictors of kidney damage markers.
Conclusions:
- First-degree relatives of CKD patients, irrespective of disease stage, are at risk and warrant screening.
- Specific demographic groups, including parents, the elderly, obese individuals, and males, are more susceptible to kidney damage markers.
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