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Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

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In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

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Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Bulimia Nervosa01:30

Bulimia Nervosa

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Bulimia nervosa is a complex and severe eating disorder characterized by a cyclical pattern of binge-and-purge eating pattern. It generally involves an episode of binge eating, followed by compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, excessive exercise, laxative use, or fasting, to prevent weight gain. Despite often maintaining a normal weight, individuals with bulimia are intensely preoccupied with their body image and harbor an overwhelming fear of gaining weight. This can contribute to the...
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Binge Eating Disorders01:23

Binge Eating Disorders

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Binge eating disorder is a significant mental health condition characterized by recurrent episodes of excessive food consumption within a short period, accompanied by a perceived loss of control over eating behavior. Unlike occasional overeating, binge eating disorder is marked by distressing emotions such as guilt, shame, and anxiety following binge episodes. The disorder affects individuals across different ages and backgrounds, with profound implications for physical and psychological...
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Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report
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Obesity as a Disease.

Jagriti Upadhyay1, Olivia Farr2, Nikolaos Perakakis2

  • 1Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Boston VA Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, 88 East Newton Street, Boston, MA 02118; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

The Medical Clinics of North America
|November 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Obesity is a complex disease with numerous causes and serious health consequences. This review explores the underlying mechanisms of obesity and its associated comorbidities, highlighting their impact.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndromeCauses and mechanismMetabolically healthyObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic diseases
  • Public health

Background:

  • Obesity is a prevalent chronic disease with multifactorial origins.
  • It significantly increases the risk of numerous comorbidities, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality.
  • The societal health and economic burden of obesity is immense.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the complex mechanisms driving obesity.
  • To examine the pathophysiology of obesity-related comorbidities.
  • To provide an updated understanding of obesity's multifaceted nature.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on obesity.
  • Analysis of etiological factors contributing to obesity.
  • Synthesis of data on obesity comorbidities.

Main Results:

  • Obesity results from a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors.
  • Key comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effective management.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity is a critical public health issue requiring multifaceted interventions.
  • Further research into obesity mechanisms can inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
  • Addressing obesity and its comorbidities is essential for reducing global health burdens.