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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

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Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy
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[Cervical Plexus Blocks].

Ronald Seidel

    Anasthesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
    |November 21, 2017
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Cervical plexus blockades are key anesthesia techniques, especially for carotid surgery. New research clarifies neck nerve anatomy and ultrasound guidance for these procedures.

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    Area of Science:

    • Anesthesiology and Regional Anesthesia
    • Neuroanatomy
    • Ultrasound-Guided Procedures

    Background:

    • Cervical plexus blockades are standard anesthesia procedures.
    • Established techniques are often used for carotid revascularizations.
    • Recent studies highlight sonoanatomy and nerve importance in the neck.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current evidence on cervical plexus blockade.
    • To compare ultrasound-guided versus landmark-guided techniques.
    • To discuss applications beyond carotid surgery.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current literature and study results.
    • Discussion of sonoanatomic landmarks for cervical plexus.
    • Comparison of ultrasound-guided and landmark-guided approaches.

    Main Results:

    • Inner sonoanatomic landmarks are crucial for cervical plexus blockade.
    • Ultrasound guidance offers an alternative to traditional landmark techniques.
    • Cervical plexus blocks have diverse applications, including shoulder, ear, and infraclavicular surgery.

    Conclusions:

    • Cervical plexus blockade is versatile, with ultrasound enhancing precision.
    • Understanding neck innervation and sonoanatomy improves block efficacy.
    • Expanded applications include various surgical interventions beyond carotid procedures.