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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Catheter-based Endovascular Angioplasty for Fibrosing Mediastinitis-associated Pulmonary Vein Stenosis
Published on: August 26, 2025
Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Ehtisham Mahmud1, Omid Behnamfar1, Lawrence Ang1
1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center, University of California, San Diego, 9434 Medical Center Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
Abstract:
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is associated with several risk factors but is most frequently seen as a rare consequence of an acute pulmonary embolism. Surgical pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) is potentially curative for CTEPH with the best outcomes seen for the treatment of primarily proximal, accessible lobar or segmental disease. For surgically inoperable patients, percutaneous balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is feasible and has good short- to mid-term efficacy outcomes. This review focuses on the technique and outcomes associated with BPA which has emerged as a new therapeutic option for CTEPH.
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