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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Isolation of Mouse Interstitial Valve Cells to Study the Calcification of the Aortic Valve In Vitro
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Mast cells in calcific aortic stenosis.

Ivo Šteiner1, Václav Stejskal1, Pavel Žáček2

  • 1The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.

Pathology, Research and Practice
|November 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mast cells are consistently found in calcific aortic stenosis (CAS), a common heart valve disease. Their numbers are higher in bicuspid valves and those with bone formation, suggesting a role in CAS pathogenesis.

Keywords:
CD117Calcific aortic stenosisMast cellsPathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Pathology
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Valvular Heart Disease

Background:

  • Calcific aortic stenosis (CAS) is the leading acquired valvular disease in developed nations.
  • CAS shares inflammatory origins with atherosclerosis, featuring vascular, lymphatic, and immune cell infiltration.
  • Metaplastic bone tissue can also be present in affected aortic valves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and distribution of CD117-positive mast cells in calcific aortic stenosis.
  • To compare mast cell numbers in CAS valves with normal aortic valves.
  • To explore potential correlations between mast cell presence and specific valve morphologies or pathological features.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological examination of 56 calcified aortic valves from cardiac surgery.
  • Immunohistochemical staining to identify CD117-positive mast cells.
  • Comparison of mast cell counts between different valve types (bicuspid vs. tricuspid) and presence/absence of metaplastic bone.

Main Results:

  • Mast cells were consistently detected in all 56 examined CAS valves.
  • Significantly higher mast cell numbers were observed in congenitally malformed/bicuspid valves compared to tricuspid valves.
  • Valves with metaplastic bone showed significantly greater mast cell infiltration than those without bone formation.

Conclusions:

  • Mast cells are a constant component of the cellular infiltrate in calcific aortic stenosis.
  • Increased mast cell presence correlates with specific pathological features of CAS, including bicuspid morphology and metaplastic bone formation.
  • These findings suggest a potential role for mast cells in the inflammatory pathogenesis of calcific aortic stenosis.