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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

13.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.0K
Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

386
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
386

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Simultaneous Data Collection of fMRI and fNIRS Measurements Using a Whole-Head Optode Array and Short-Distance Channels
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Test-retest reliability of longitudinal task-based fMRI: Implications for developmental studies.

Megan M Herting1, Prapti Gautam2, Zhanghua Chen1

  • 1Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, United States.

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
|November 22, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Longitudinal functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies track brain development but face challenges with signal variability and reliability in children and adolescents. Improving test-retest reliability is crucial for accurate developmental neuroscience research.

Keywords:
DevelopmentIntraclass correlationTest-retest reliabilityfMRI

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) advances enable longitudinal studies of brain development.
  • Understanding typical and atypical brain development across childhood and adolescence is critical.
  • Variability in fMRI blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal and test-retest reliability are significant concerns in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current state of test-retest reliability in child and adolescent fMRI studies (ages 5-18).
  • To identify methods for improving fMRI test-retest reliability in developmental cognitive neuroscience.
  • To foster discussion on longitudinal fMRI study designs, analyses, and reporting.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on fMRI test-retest reliability in developing populations.
  • Analysis of intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) as a measure of reliability.
  • Synthesis of findings to highlight current challenges and potential solutions.

Main Results:

  • Test-retest reliability in pediatric fMRI studies shows considerable variability.
  • Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) are commonly used to index reliability.
  • Specific factors influencing reliability in developing brains require further investigation.

Conclusions:

  • Improving fMRI test-retest reliability is essential for robust longitudinal developmental research.
  • Standardized protocols and advanced analytical techniques may enhance reliability.
  • Open dialogue is needed to advance the field of developmental cognitive neuroscience using fMRI.